• Malaria: Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by various species of the parasitic protozoan microorganisms called Plasmodium.
• TB: TB is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Leprosy: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae. The disease predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves.
• AIDS: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• Filariasis: Filariasis is a rare infectious tropical disorder caused by the round worm parasites (nematode) Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi.
• Kalazar or Dum Dum fever: Leishmania donovani :It is a parasitic protozoan belonging to the class Mastigophora or flagellata. It is a human parasite that is dimorphic (i.e. shows two forms) & digenetic in nature. It causes the disease Kala-azar or Dumdum fever by sand fly (phelobotomus)
• Guinea worm disease: Dracunculiasis, also known as Guinea worm disease (GWD), is an infection caused by the parasite Dracunculus medinensis. A parasite is an organism that feeds off another organism to survive. GWD is spread by drinking water containing Guinea worm larvae.
• Japanese Encephalitis: Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection that can cause inflammation in the brain. It is caused by a flavivirus that belongs to the same genus as dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is also a major cause of [Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES)](https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/acute-encephalitis-syndrome-3#:~:text=About%3A AES is a severe,and inflammation of the brain.) in India. The disease is transmitted to humans through bites from infected mosquitoes of the **Culex species.**These mosquitoes breed mainly in rice fields and large water bodies rich in aquatic vegetation. There is no antiviral treatment for patients with JE. Treatment, available, is supportive to relieve symptoms and stabilise the patient.